Monografias em Ciência da Computação

1997

ABSTRACTS

Departmento de Informática 
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro - PUC-Rio
Rio de Janeiro - Brazil


This file contains a list of the technical reports of the Departmento de Informática, Pontífícia Universidade Católica do Janeiro - PUC-Rio, Brazil, which are published in our series Monografias em Ciência da Computação
(ISSN 0103-9741), edited by Prof. Carlos Lucena. Please note that the reports not available for download are available in their print format and can be obtained via the e-mail below.

For any questions, requests or suggestions, please contact:
Rosane Castilho bib-di@inf.puc-rio.br

Last update: 18/DECEMBER/2003
 

INDEX


[MCC01/97]
ZUKIN, M.; FUKS,H.; DALCOL, R.R.T. Digital communication technology: connecting design, engineering and manufacturing. 33 p. Eng. E-mail: hugo@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: Companies increasingly need to reduce lead times in product development as a way to get products onto the market faster and more efficiently. Digital communication integrating design, engineering and manufacturing can greatly improve the product development process through concurrent engineering and overlapping activities. This paper presents a case study on how digital communication can overcome temporal and geographical barriers in the exchange of information, enhancing a collaborative and cooperative environment. The project studied was a vacuum cleaner developed in Electrolux-Italy, in which the first author of the paper participated as Senior Product Designer. In this paper, the authors describe and analyze the process, and then elaborate a scenario that contemplates networks for digital communication, and a technology infra-structure for the process highlighted.


[MCC02/97]
VELOSO, P.A.S. On algorithmic fork relations and programs. 29 p. Eng. E-mail: bib-di@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: We continue examining the adequacy of an extended relational framework for program development. We argue that a set of "algorithmic" symbols, selected on the basis of effectiveness considerations, provides an adequate programming language. This is established by extending a natural programming language correspondence to show that these algorithmic symbols can express only programs and all programs (including nondeterministic ones). In two previous reports, we introduced the question of adequacy of an extended relational framework for program development. We argued that the familiar apparatus of binary relations must be extended to be appropriate for programming and we also examined the nature of such an extension obtained by considering relations on structured universes with new structural operations. In another report we selected, by effectiveness considerations, a set of symbols deserving the name "algorithmic" and we also outlined a programming language correspondence indicating that these algorithmic symbols are adequate for expressing programs. In this report we examine more closely the algorithmic part of this fork relational framework and its ability to express programming behaviours. We argue that the set of algorithmic symbols, selected on the basis of effectiveness considerations, provide an adequate programming language. This envolves the establishment of two inclusions. On the one hand, our algorithmic part expresses only computing-like behaviours. On the other hand, every program, even a nondeterministic one, can be expressed in this algorithmic part. These inclusions are established by extending the natural programming language correspondence.


[MCC03/97]
CAFEZEIRO, I.; HAEUSLER, E.H.; HAEBERER, A.M. From diagram to code via attribute grammar. 38 p. Eng. E-mail: hermann@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: This report describes within a formal approach how to generate code from a graphical description based on diagrams. The method is general enough not to consider specific methodology nor a specific target programming language. The essence of the method consists of combining Object Oriented ideas to capture the generality of diagrams and Attributed Grammars to solve the context-sensitive feature. A case study is presented.


[MCC04/97]
PRATES, R.O.; de SOUZA, C.S.; GARCIA, A.C.B. Semiotic framework for multi-user interfaces. 24 p. Eng. E-mail: clarisse@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: Semiotic approaches to user interface designs have shown that system interfaces are messages sent from the designers to the users. It is through the system's interface that the designers tell the users the problems the system is able to solve and how the users should interact with it to solve these problems. In a multi-users environment this message is more complex, since the designers must also tell the users how to interact in the group. To create such message is not an easy task and designers should be provided with a good designing tool. In this article we present a semiotic framework that is the first step in the direction of the construction of a multi-users interface design environment. The framework has three dimensions: action, communication and observation and provides support for the analysis of multi-users system's interface and undestanding of interactions in the group. It can also be a helpful guide to designers of multi-users interfaces.


[MCC05/97]
CUNHA, C.K.V.; de SOUZA, C.S. The role of explanation systems in multiagent applications. 7 p. Eng. E-mail: clarisse@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: This paper discusses the role of Explanation Systems in multiagent applications. Our starting point is an Active Design Documentation (ADD) tool. Its typical explanation facility is adapted in order to explore the resources available in multiagent environments. Following a Semiotic Engineering approach, explanations in MultiADD (Multiagent ADD) are used as a means of communication between system designer and system user, and provide a common linguistic embedding for end-user communication during negotiation and conflict mitigation.


[MCC06/97]
FURTADO, A.L. Plots of narratives over temporal databases. 12 p. Eng. E-mail: furtado@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: An operation-based notion of plots of narratives is introduced, to summarize events happening to objects in the temporal database of an information system. The method proposed for modelling and handling plots, invloving the application of a Plan-recognition facility, is shown to be useful for various purposes, including problem-detection and decision support. An interdisciplinary approach is adopted, utilizing results from studies on literary theories.


[MCC07/97]
CIARLINI, A.E.M.; FURTADO, A.L.; LIFSCHITZ, S. Modelando enredos de narrativas como planos. 22 p. Port. E-mail: furtado@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: The present work describes a method for modelling plots of narratives as plans, which permits to handle automatically the classification, complementation, adaptation and generation of plots. In particular, are presented the results of applying these ideas to modelling plots belonging to the literary gender of fairy tales, through a prototype system integrating plan recognition and generation. The method reflects the influence of literary theories, mainly from the Structuralist school.


[MCC08/97]
MILIDIU, R.L.; LABER, E.S. Some bounds on the redundancy of length-restricted prefix. 12 p. Eng. E-mail: milidiu@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: No English abstract provided.


[MCC09/97]
FURTADO, A.L., Combinando programação funcional com programação em lógica. 21 p. Port. E-mail: furtado@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: A simple strategy for combining the functional and the logical programming paradigms is proposed , through the addition of a functional component to the Prolog language. The component allows user-defined functions and functional operators, as well as the application of a number of predefined functional forms. Several examples are presented illustrating, among other features, the integrated use of functions and predicates in the same expression.


[MCC10/97]
de SOUZA, C.S.; LEITE, J.C. A framework for the semiotic engineering of user interface languages. 12 p. Eng. E-mail: clarisse@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: Semiotic Engineering is a theoretically based approach to user interface design in which the interface is seen as a message sent from designers to users carried by the computer medium and whose content is the software functionality and the interaction model. In this paper, we describe a framework founded in semiotic theory to this design process. It provides a Model of User Interface Design Language which is a meta-language for the designer to express User Interface Messages and the Interaction Language. Our emphasis here is not in aesthetic aspects of user interfaces, but in the interactive and performing nature of the interface message as it is carried throughout the computational medium.


[MCC11/97]
de SOUZA, C.S.; LEITE, J.C. Projeto de interfaces de usuário. 62 p. Port. E-mail: clarisse@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: No English abstract provided.


[MCC12/97]
de SOUZA, C.S. Supporting end-user programming with explanatory discourse. 6 p. Eng. E-mail: clarisse@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: The need to empower end users with programming capacities in order to adapt and extend software applications brings forth the opportunity to examine and explore semiotic aspects in computing. This paper discusses some of these aspects within a knowledge-based extensible environment where (a) software designer can explain their rationale to users and (b) differential discourse for user-system interaction and designer-user communication fosters a better understanding of the application's model and features.


[MCC13/97]
FRIAS, M.F.; HAEBERER, A.M.; VELOSO, P.A.S. A finite axiomatization for fork algebras. 11 p. Eng. E-mail: bib-di@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: Proper fork algebras are algebras of binary relations over structured set. The underlying set has changed from a set of pairs to a set closed under an injective function. In this paper we present a representation theorem for their abstract counterpart, that entails that proper fork algebras whose underlying set is closed under an injective function constitute a finitely based variety.


[MCC14/97]
FONTOURA, M.F.; LUCENA, C.J.P. Um ambiente para modelagem e execução de processos. 16 p. Port. E-mail: lucena@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: This work presents the architecture and main features of an environment for process modeling and analysis. The software and business processes are modeled through a process language based on Petri Nets which handles all important objects for process definition such as artifacts, roles, and tools.


[MCC15/97]
BRAGA, C.O.; STAA, A.v.; LEITE, J.C.S.P. A hybrid architecture for documentation production. 17 p. Eng. E-mail: arndt@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: Good documentation is essential for the production and evolution of quality software. Based on a survey on program documentation, we propose a documentation architecture that aims to fulfill several requirements of an ideal solution. The architecture integrates a powerful transformation system (Draco-PUC) and a versatile CASE tool (Talisman) in order to produce documents using reverse engineering strategies. We have implemented such approach in a prototype tool called Documentu, which uses a database to store system wide information and uses a standard hypertext browser to help the access and navigation of the system documentation. The prototype was used in a large scientific system in an oil company, with very positive results.


[MCC16/97]
FIORINI, S.T.; LEITE, J.C.P.; LUCENA, C.J.P. Descrição de padrões de processo em um ambiente automatizado para modelagem de processos. 18 p. Port. E-mail: julio@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: This article investigates problems related to process patterns. Most of the proposed patterns' descriptions heavily rely on natural language. We have analysed some of these proposals and presented an alternative based on structured natural language descriptions. Our strategy leads to a better presentation of the patterns as well as reduces the problem of ambiguity. Our proposal is integrated with an existing process environment.


[MCC17/97]
LIFSCHITZ, S.; LIMA, I.N. O ambiente de integração SGBD e Web. E-mail: sergio@inf.puc-rio.br 

Abstract: [The document has not been published]


[MCC18/97]
LIFSCHITZ, S.; LIMA, I.N. Modelos de conectividade SGBD e Web. E-mail: sergio@inf.puc-rio.br 

Abstract: [The document has not been published]


[MCC19/97]
FUKS, H.; TAROUCO, L. Chaining CU-SeeMe reflectors: the SBRC' 96 experiment. 10 p. Eng. E-mail: hugo@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: This paper reports the experiment involving a live transmission-­video and audio of some events of the XIV Brazilian Symposium of Computer Networks. This was the first live transmission of this kind using the Brazilian Internet backbone. We chose to use CU-SeeMe software­client and reflector­which made it possible to build a reflector chain, especially designed to broadcast the transmission throughout Brazil.


[MCC20/97]
FUKS, H.; LAUFER, C. Cooperative administration of a public CU-SeeMe reflector. 7 p. Eng. E-mail: hugo@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: This article proposes a groupware architecture for WWW applications, independent of environment or platform, that can integrate diverse services. We present a WWW site prototype for cooperative administration of a public CU-SeeMe reflector. Internet software components are put together to offer a set of services.


[MCC21/97]
GARCIA, A.V.; HAEUSLER, E.H.; HAEBERER, A.M. A semantic approach to the solution of the legacy code. 19 p. Eng. E-mail: hermann@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: This work proposes a semantic approach to the legacy code problem and presents preliminary results based on a working prototype. A functional specification of the source code is obtained by means of the semantic specification of the language in which it is written. The specification is then translated into an object oriented language. Both tasks are achieved by means of transformation tools.


[MCC22/97]
VELOSO, P.A.S. On simpler (equational) presentations for fork algebras and their relational reducts. 22 p. Eng. E-mail: bib-di@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: A fork algebra is a relational algebra enriched with a new binary operation. This class of algebra was introduced because its equationalcalculus has applications in program construction. It also has some  interesting connections with algebraic logic. In this report we examine some simpler presentation for fork algebras and their relational reducts. These alternative characterisations comes from the consideration of special (pairs of) elements in relational algebras. Their adequacy comes from an analysis of the proof of representability where it was implicit, as well as from properties of these special pairs of elements. This approach provides interesting insights and leads to (equational) presentations with convenient structures.


[MCC23/97]
SILVA, S.R.P.; BARBOSA, S.D.J.; de SOUZA, C.S. Communicating different perspectives on extensible software. 17 p. Eng. E-mail: clarisse@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: Actual End-User Programming is as far away from us as is in an actual End-User Perception of the rationale beneath software design. One of the major obstacles to achieving this goal is the discontinuity among user interface language, end-user programming language, and documentation language. Objects referred in one of them are not easily identifiable as the same referred to by the others. In this paper, we analyze this situation from a semiotic perspective and propose interconnected environment architecture and language design guidelines that we beleieve can narrow the gap there is to bridge.


[MCC24/97]
CARVALHO, S.E.R.; CRUZ, S.O.; OLIVEIRA, T.C. State depedent behavior in the ARTS project. 12 p. Eng. E-mail: bib-di@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: In object systems, the behavior of an object, when responding to a stimulus, may depend on the values of its components at the time, or on its state. Several development methods recommend the handling of state dependent behavior, at different stages during system construction. In this paper we describe the solution adopted in ARTS, a second generation development system for real-time OO applications. We use a variation of the State design pattern, in the context of 2GOOD, a CASE tool providing graphical user interfaces, and DDL, a design description language for the textual representation of interface diagrams.


[MCC25/97]
FEIJÓ, B. Virtual environments for CAD systems. 18 p. Eng. E-mail: bruno@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: Irrespective to the built-in degree of Artificial Intelligence, any tool for assisting structural and mechanics engineering design is deeply rooted into 3D environments. However, the question of 3D virtual worlds is not clearly presented in the AI-based CAD literature. This paper contributes to the understanding of Virtual Environments in CAD systems, in a way more closely aligned with the design task environment and the perspective needs of CAD users. This paper is also a pratical guide for CAD researchers and engineers who want to explore the possilities of VE technology.


[MCC26/97]
ALMEIDA, E.S.; MAFFEO, B. Especificação de estruturas conceituais básicas através de redes de Petri compactas. 45 p. Port. E-mail: maffeo@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: This work presents procedures to formally specify each primitive operational activity contained in activity schemes, that model systems behavior when the Essential Model is used as conceptual framework. This formal  specification employs Compact Petri Nets as representation language and, for each procedure presented, the primitive operational activity to be specified belongs to a conceptual pattern typically found in essence modelling. It is suggested that these procedures should be employed in formal specifications of large systems based Compact Petri Nets, since its use in connection with the structures commonly found in the Essential Model allows a gradual control of representational complexity, otherwise excessive. It is also believed that significant gains of quality and productivity in the systems development process should be achieved through reuse of these conceptual pattern specifications.


[MCC27/97]
ROSSETI, I.C.M. Balanceamento de carga em ambientes distribuídos. 11 p. Port. E-mail: bib-di@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: Many load balancing techniques have been proposed, in order to obtain improvement in the performance of parallel applications. This paper presents some existing load balancing algorithms. These algorithms are presented according to an analytical model called matrix iterative model, that was chosen for the variety of load balancing algorithms which it may represent.


[MCC28/97]
FERREIRA, S.B.L.; LEITE. J.C.S.; CARVALHO, S.E.R.; MELO, R.N. Requisitos não funcionais para interfaces com o usuário - um estudo do aspecto cor. 15 p. Port. E-mail: julio@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: The present paper presents an contribution to the requirements engineering by researching the non functional requirements, concerned to the design of user interface. The goal of these research is to obtain a friendly interaction so that the user feels comfortable in using an interface. The requirements of any system are closely related to the system objectives and they must be very well defined. The non functional requirements are briefly presented and an especial attention is given to those related to the user interface. To finish, is presented a complete study of several features involved in the use of color and its effects on the project of an interface.


[MCC29/97]
CARVALHO, S.E.R. DDL: an object oriented Design Description Language. 21 p. Eng. E-mail: bib-di@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: Object-oriented designs are usually expressed graphically, via static and dynamic diagrams. When translated into executable code, diagram characteristics are lost in low-level programming language details. To prevent discontinuities, designs should be expressed in languages textually describing the same discourse. This report presents one such language, DDL, being used intermedially in a CASE tool allowing the automatic generation of C++ code. This graphical-textual match furthers project documentation, correctness verification, and traceability, for example.


[MCC30/97]
BARBOSA, S.D.J.; de SOUZA, C.S.; LUCENA, C.J.P. Supporting metaphorical mappings to facilitate end-user programming. 9 p. Eng. E-mail: clarisse@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: End-user programming still lacks easy-to-use mechanisms that support programming from end-users' point-of-view. We follow the premise that metaphors are in the grounding of our conceptual system, and recognize that the extensions end-users want to make are usually modifications upon an application's existing functionality. We propose an environment that makes use of an application's ontology to recognize and present possible ways to generate new code. We describe mechanisms that suggest modifications upon existing code based on metaphorical mappings between the ontology elements. We believe our approach helps end-users learn how the application actually works and encourages them to make software extensions and therefore get their tasks done more efficiently.


[MCC31/97]
LEITE, J.C.S.P. Workshop de pesquisas do Departamento de Informática - 1996. 52 p. Port. E-mail:julio@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract:  The report presents the Workshop abstracts of ongoing researches at Departamento de Informática -  PUC-Rio. 


[MCC32/97]
ANDRADE, A.M.S., VELOSO, P.A.S. Uma abordagem lógica do PDS. 24 p. Port. E-mail: bib-di@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: We present a logical approach to the software development process, based on the objects that make up this process: application, specifications, program and virtual machine. We propose a diagram for the correctness of the process by taking into account its synthetic aspect and the observable-theoretical dichotomy coming from the distinct nature its objects. We compare this approach to a presentation in the formalism of problems and show that the correctness relationship between the objects of the software development process amount to relaxation relationship between the corresponding problems.


[MCC33/97]
MILIDIÚ, R.L.; LABER, E.S. Improved bounds on the inefficiency of length-restricted prefix codes. 22 p. Eng. E-mail: milidiu@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: (abstract provided includes many formulas, thus not possible to reproduce here in).


[MCC34/97]
ARAGÃO, M.V.S.; UCHOA, E. The gamma-connected assignment problem. 17 p. Eng. E-mail: poggi@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: Given a graph and costs of assigning to each vertex one of K different colors, we want to find a minimum cost assignment such that no color induces a subgraph with more than a given number gamma_k of connected components. This problem arises in the context of contiguity-constrained clustering, but also has a number of other possible applications. We show the problem to be NP-hard. Nevertheless, we derive a dynamic programming algorithm that proves the case where the underlying graph is a tree to be solvable in polynomial time. Next, we propose mixed-integer programming formulations for this problem that lead to branch-and-cut and branch-and-price algorithms. Finally, we introduce a new class of valid inequalities to obtain an enhanced branch-and-cut. Extensive computational experiments are reported.


[MCC35/97]
GOMES, P.C.R.; FEIJÓ, B.; CERQUEIRA, R.F.G.; IERUSALIMSCHY, R. Reactivity and pro-activeness in virtual prototyping. 11 p. Eng. E-mail: bruno@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: Virtual prototyping becomes much more interesting when 3D solids are dynamic distributed objects on heterogeneous platforms. However, the dynamic nature of the design process requires a deeper investigation on reactive and pro-active 3D objects. This paper proposes the concept of Extended Constraint Graphs with bidirectional reactivity and one-way actions to represent reactivity and pro-activeness in digital mock-ups. Also, this paper presents an original approach to deal with the dynamic nature of virtual mock-ups through the use of an interpreted language Lua and a CORBA binding called LuaOrb. Moreover, this work presents a CORBA model for virtual prototyping based on the geometry bus ACIS in which objects and attributes are created and modified at run time.


[MCC36/97]
MOURA, L.M.; LUCENA, C.J.P. O ambiente visual spider para o desenvolvimento de aplicações na Internet. 16 p. E-mail: lucena@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: Visual composition is the interative development of applications by the direct manipulation of reusable components. We believe that the visual composition approach directly deals with the complexity of large software systems making the development easier, more flexible, and more understendable. This is accomplished by implementing abstraction, reuse, and visualization concepts. The developer becomes a component builder and no longer creates large applications that are hard to maintain and enhance. The user has the freedom to choose the components from different developers until the desired functionality is achieved. The visual environment Spider allows the creation of different kinds of applications. In this article we give special attention to the creation of Internet applications.


[MCC37/97]
MEDIANO, M.R. OPS: um subsistema extensível e configurável de armazenamento de objetos persistentes para bancos de dados geográficos. 16 p. Port. E-mail: bib-di@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: The persistent object storage subsystem OPS proposes an extensible and configurable model through which it is possible to model, implement and combine different database technologies to provide new capabilities or to obtain performance improvements. OPS is based on four abstractions: persistent object, object data area, object manager and media.


[MCC38/97]
VELOSO, P.A.S. On some connections between Logic and Computer science. 25 p. Eng. E-mail: bib-di@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: This report examines some important connections between Logic and Computer Science. A brief historical overview highlights some contributions of Logic and logicians to the development of the Science of Computing. Then, two more recent connections motivated by stepwise development of reliable programs from specifications, namely Logical Specifications and Fork Algebras, are summarised. Such connections illustrate important bridges between Logic and Computer Science. They also indicate one may expect the emergence of more and stronger links, contributing to the development of both sciences.


[MCC39/97]
MILIDIÚ, R.L.; LABER, E.S.; PESSOA, A.A. Improved analysis of FGK algorithm. 13 p. Eng. E-mail: milidiu@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: (abstract provided includes many formulas, thus not possible to reproduce here in).


[MCC40/97]
VELOSO, P.A.S. Logic and Computer Science: logical specifications. 37 p. Eng. E-mail: bib-di@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: This report examines in some detail Logical Specifications as a connection between Logic and Computer Science motivated by stepwise development of reliable programs from specifications. We emphasise the so-called 'liberal' specifications, which appeared with the aim of providing a framework with solid foundations that is close to programming practice. A logical specification is an axiomatic theory, which is regarded as presenting properties of the available resources. We first introduce the basic ideas by examining the role of logical specifications in the programming process and the refinement steps involved. Then we examine some modularity properties and their connection with interpolation and finally some constructs for the introduction of new sorts. Such connections illustrate important bridges between Logic and Computer Science. They also indicate that one may expect the emergnce of more and stronger links, contributing to the development of both sciences.


[MCC41/97]
VELOSO, P.A.S. Computer Science and Logic: fork algebras. 41 p. Eng. E-mail: bib-di@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: This report examines in some detail Fork Algebras as a connection between Computer Science and Logic motivated by the methodical construction of reliable programs from specifications. A fork algebra is a relational algebra enriched with a new binary operation, called fork. Such algebras arose from programming motivations, with the aim of providing a wide-spectrum formalism for program construction and derivation. They also have some interesting connections with algebraic logic. We first review the idea of using relations for programming, which motivates an extension of the relational apparatus in order to provide an adequate framework for program construction. We then examine the abstract and set-based versions of fork algebras, showing that the former can represented by the latter. Next, we consider the algebraic fork calculus and argue that it provides an equational counterpart for first-order logic. Finally, we examine some other properties of these algebras, namely a category isomorphic to that of fork algebras, suggesting a simpler equational axiomatisation for them, how much a finite or infinite relational algebra constrains it possible fork expansion, and what extent fork algebras of relations can be endowed with a cartesian fork operation, induced by real pair formation. Such connections illustrate important bridges between Computer Science and Logic. They also indicate that one may expect the emergence of more and stronger links, contributing to the development of both sciences.


[MCC42/97]
UCHOA, E.M.A.; LIFSCHITZ, S.; MELO, R.N. HEROS: um sistema de bancos de dados heterogêneos usando CORBA. 42 p. Port. E-mail: rubens@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: Object oriented software standards have been considered to coordinate, with the desired flexibility, and integrate, the information processing resources within a given network. With respect to heterogeneous database systems architectures, these standards can be used for the integration and interaction among the heterogeneous components, which may increase the federation adaptability and scalability to new environments. This work gives a complete presentation of HEROS, a heterogeneous object oriented database system, and discusses its implementation using CORBA for components interoperability.


[MCC43/97]
CERQUEIRA, R.; IERUSALIMSCHY, R.; RODRIGUEZ, N.L.R. A Dynamic approach for composing CORBA objects. 13 p. Eng. E-mail: noemi@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: This paper describes LuaOrb, a binding between the extension language Lua and CORBA. Like other CORBA bindings, this binding allows a program to manipulate CORBA objects in the same way it manipulates local objects. Unlike conventional bindings, however, LuaOrb is based on a dynamic approach, mapping the dynamic character of CORBA to the dynamic type system of Lua. This binding brings together CORBA reuse facilities with the flexibility provided by an interpreted language, fulfilling the "command center'' concept proposed by Siegel.


[MCC44/97]
ALMEIDA,E.S.; MAFFEO, B. Especificação de estruturas conceituais básicas através da lógica de predicados. 19 p. Port. E-mail: maffeo@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: This work defines a representation language and illustrates procedures to formally specify each primitive operational activity contained in activity schemes that model systems behavior when the Essential Model is used as conceptual framework. The representation language is based on predicate logic and, for each procedure illustrated, the primitive operational activity to be specified belongs to a conceptual pattern typically found in essence modeling. It is suggested that these procedures should be employed in formal specifications of large systems based on logic languages, since its use in connection with the structures commonly found in the Essential Model allows a gradual control of representational complexity, otherwise excessive. It is also believed that significant gains of quality and productivity in the systems development process should be achieved through reuse of these conceptual pattern specifications.


[MCC45/97]
LUCENA, C.J.P.; FUKS, H.; MILIDIÚ, R.; MACEDO, L.T.; SANTOS, N.; LAUFER, C.; FONTOURA, M.F.; NEVES, P.; CRESPO, S.; CARDIA, E. E.; TORRES, V. AulaNet TM - um ambiente para desenvolvimento e manutenção
de cursos na WWW. 16 p. Port. E-mail: lucena@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: As yet there are no experts in the application of information technology to learning and training. However this area is becoming a major one in the Internet. Researchers in industry and in the academic world are developing models and products for training and education based on the Web. In this work we present AulaNet, an environment for the creation and maintenance of Web-based courses designed for the layman. We also compare AulaNet to other similar Web-based environments.


[MCC46/97]
MOURA, L.M.; LUCENA, C.J.P.; STAA, A.v. A spider environment. 25 p. Eng. E-mail: arndt@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: Visual composition is an interactive development of different applications by the direct manipulation of reusable components. We believe that the visual composition approach deals directly with the complexity of large software systems making their development easier, more flexible, and easier to be understood. This is accomplished by implementing abstraction, reuse, and visualization concepts. The developer becomes a component builder and no longer creates large applications that are hard to maintain and enhance. The user will have the freedom to choose the components he needs to build an application, and to mix and match components from different developers until the desired functionality is achieved. The visual Spider environment allows the creation of different kinds of applications.


[MCC47/97]
SILVA, S.R.P.; de SOUZA, C.S.; IERUSALIMSCHY, R. A communicative approach to end-user programming languages. 25 p. Eng. E-mail: clarisse@inf.puc-rio.br

Abstract: Motivated by the goal of empowering people with programming capabiliteis, we propose a framework for the design of applications that more adequately support end-user extension programming. This framework is grounded on a communication architecture that draws on the availability of the aplication's design knowledge base. We propose that together with any modality of end-user programming there must be a corresponding modality of explanation for end users. Whereas the former allows end users to extend the application's functionality, the latter is essencial to help end users elaborate on their understanding of the application's rationale. In this paper, we focus on design choices, an end-user programming language for our framework. We are looking for design guidelines for a language with good communication resources, in which end users can take advantage of their common sense knowledge to program and update the application's design knowledge base. We propose a plan-based programming language, guided by the fact that end users are familiar with plan-based procedural descriptions. We analyze end-users' daily plan expressions, like "recipes" and "do-it-yourself books", matching their communication resources against current programming languages and identifying the main issues that should be addressed to create a better semiotic continuum between user-interface languages and end-user programming languages.